SOKOV I.A. A Foreign Policy Strategy’s Formation by United States President Donald Trump in 2025

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2026.2.3

Ilya A. Sokov,

Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Department of History and International Relations, Volgograd State University, Prosp. Universitetsky, 100, 400062 Volgograd, Russian Federation,

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7146-7340

Abstract. Introduction. The presidency of Donald Trump’s second term is significantly different from his first term. Therefore, the article’s objectives were to analyze a foreign policy strategy’s formation and the political technologies used by the American president’s administration on the international arena in cooperation with other countries in the first year of his presidency. Methods and materials. The scientific principle of objectivity and the evolutionist scientific approach were used as methodology in the article. E.M. Primakov – M.A. Khrustalev’s method of situational analysis in international relations was used as the main scientific method. The article’s author used some materials from American news publications, official White House reports, and American analysts and experts’ opinions from other countries. Analysis. A comparative analysis revealed changes in the United States’ foreign policy approaches and new American political technologies both in the field of international trade and in maintaining its hegemony. Results. The study showed that the United States faced new challenges in world politics in 2025 and was not ready to solve them. The United States itself has added the problem of tariffs to the international trading system. The United States has not been able to develop a sufficiently flexible foreign policy strategy or doctrine. The political technologies used by the United States in international relations are still insufficiently effective and efficient. “The art of the deal” in world politics used by Donald Trump is faced, if not with misunderstanding, then in many cases with rejection because it allows the United States to change previously adopted agreements. In addition, the American principle of getting the desired result “through force” does not work in many cases, especially in relations with China, Russia, Iran, and other countries. Formally, “The United States Foreign Policy Strategy 2025,” adopted and published in December, outlined the path in the foreign policy of the President Donald Trump administration for the remainder of his second term, which is to maintain the principles of national conservatism bequeathed by the United States founding fathers.

Key words: United States, Israel, Iran, Russia, Ukraine, Donald Trump, trade tariffs, international conflicts.

Citation. Sokov I.A. A Foreign Policy Strategy’s Formation by United States President Donald Trump in 2025. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 4. Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations], 2026, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 30-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2026.2.3

Foreign Policy Strategy’s Formation by United States President Donald Trump in 2025 © 2026 by Sokov I.A. is licensed under CC BY 4.0 

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