TIMOFEEVA Ju.A. Problems of International Positioning of Brazil in the 21st Century
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2026.2.9
Julia A. Timofeeva,
Candidate of Sciences (History), Associate Professor, Department of Romance Languages, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Prosp. Vernadskogo, 76, 119454 Moscow, Russian Federation,
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-0520
Abstract. Introduction. Today, the world is undergoing “revolutionary changes, and the formation of a more equitable, multipolar” world order continues. Against the background of globalization, the changing balance of power, and growing competition between different players, the issue of world order and the role of various states in it, especially regional leaders such as Brazil, remains relevant. Methods and materials. The author’s objective is to determine Brazil’s positioning in the post-bipolar world and whether its own vision differs from that of other actors in international relations. This is done through the analysis of a vast body of literature and sources, including theories and concepts that became widespread during the period under study and describe Brazil’s place and role in the world order and the foreign policy strategies of Brazil and its regional neighbors, the United States, the EU, the Russian Federation, and China, as well as the statements of political elites and the opinions of civil society representatives. The selection of materials is based on the context in which Brazil is mentioned, and the selection of countries is determined by the political and economic interests of the Brazilian state: South America is within Brazil’s direct sphere of influence, China, the US, and the EU are the country’s key trade and economic partners, and Russia (like China) is its strategic partner within the dynamically developing BRICS interstate association. The author focuses on sources and literature from the early 21st century, linking this to a new milestone in Brazil’s foreign policy after Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva came to the presidency, as well as the emergence of new centers of power on the world stage, which caused the active spread of theories about a multipolar world order. Analysis and results. The author searched for contextual and thematic references to Brazil and its characteristics in an extensive list of sources and literature. It was found that the issue of world order continues to be on the agenda in Brazil and elsewhere. Despite the South American republic’s desire to position itself as a power with global interests, most experts agree that it is a regional leader, and its neighboring states do not see it as such, which is reflected in their foreign policy doctrines. The dissonance between the perception of Brazil by other participants in international relations and its own positioning is a consequence of a) the lack of consensus within the republic itself on this issue, b) the negative impact of domestic political crises on the country’s image, and c) the diverging priorities of Brazilian and foreign administrations.
Key words: multipolarity, leadership, autonomy, diversification, international positioning, Brazil.
Citation. Timofeeva Ju.A. Problems of International Positioning of Brazil in the 21st Century. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 4. Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya [Science Journal of Volgograd State University. History. Area Studies. International Relations], 2026, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 100-111. (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2026.2.9
Problems of International Positioning of Brazil in the 21st Century © 2026 by Timofeeva Ju.A. is licensed under CC BY 4.0 
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