Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 4: История. Регионоведение. Международные отношения1998-99382312-870410.15688/jvolsu4.2024.1.9OtherМосковская компания и английские экспедиции в Северную Америку в последней четверти XVI векаThe Muscovy Company and English Expeditions to North America in the Last Quarter of the 16th CenturyКиселевАлександр АлександровичKiselevAleksandr A.kiselev@volsu.ru0000-0002-7687-3305Volgograd State University (Volgograd, Russian Federation)Волгоградский государственный университет (г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация)110320242911021120109202301112023https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CC BY 4.0

Введение статьи включает обоснование необходимости определения роли английской Московской торговой компании в исследовании географии Северной Америки в последней четверти XVI века. В качестве материалов используются документы (хартии, отчеты, письма, петиции, трактаты), имеющие непосредственное отношение к организации английских путешествий в американские арктические воды, а также дипломатические документы. Анализ. Исследованы причины и обстоятельства получения Московской компанией монополии на поиски Северо-Западного прохода в Северной Америке. Определен вклад компании в организацию экспедиций М. Фробишера 1576 г. и Дж. Девиса 1585–1587 годов. Проанализированы попытки Катайской компании и Х. Гилберта на рубеже 1570–1580-х гг. лишить купцов, торгующих в России, этой привилегии. Результаты и выводы. Обладая монополией на поиски Северо-Западного прохода, оказывая организационную и финансовую поддержку, Московская компания внесла важный вклад в исследование северо-восточного побережья Северной Америки в последней четверти XVI века. Английские мореплаватели получили возможность исследовать арктические воды, шаг за шагом формируя на картах современный географический облик Северной Америки.

The introduction of the article includes the justification of the necessity to determine the role of the English Muscovy Company in the study of the geography of North America in the last quarter of the 16th century. The monopoly of the Muscovy Company and the significance of this commercial firm in the discovery of the northeast coast and Arctic waters of North America have not yet been studied. Documents (charters, reports, letters, petitions, and treatises) directly related to the organization of English voyages to the American Arctic waters, as well as diplomatic documents, are used as materials. Analysis. The reasons and circumstances of the Muscovy Company’s monopoly on the search for the North-West Passage in North America are studied. The company’s contribution to the organization of the expeditions of Martin Frobisher in 1576 and John Davis in 1585– 1587 is determined. The attempts of the Cathay Company and Humphrey Gilbert at the turn of the 1570s–1580s to deprive “Muscovite” merchants of this privilege are analyzed. It is proven that even at the beginning of the 17th century, the Moscow Company retained a monopoly on the exploration of the Arctic seas. Results. With its monopoly on the search for the North-West Passage and its organizational and financial support, the Muscovy Company made an important contribution to the exploration of the north-eastern coast of North America in the last quarter of the 16th century. English navigators had the opportunity to explore Arctic waters, step by step shaping the modern geographical shape of North America on maps.

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