1998-99382312-8704Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. Серия 4: История. Регионоведение. Международные отношения10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.2.2Армянские треки в истории чувашей [На англ. яз.]The Armenian Tracks in the History of the ChuvashСалминАнтон КирилловичСалминАнтон КирилловичSalminAnton K.antsalmin@mail.ru0000-0002-1072-9933Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation)Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН (г. Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация)0705202429227352802202317072023CC BY 4.0

В вводной части даются краткие сведения для ознакомления с историей изучения вынесенной в заглавие темы. Указывается на сложности по выявлению прародины исторических предков чувашей. Также дается этнонимическая картина. В качестве методологии изучения автор предпочел комплексный (= кроссжанровый) подход. Это – наиболее приемлемый подход для решения вопросов этнической истории, ибо позволяет вовлекать в исследование выводы смежных дисциплин. Так формируется новое знание. Применяемая методология помогает уйти от застойных взглядов. Материалами для аналитического разбора послужили первоисточники (сочинения ал-Куфи, ат-Табари, Баладзори, Гевонда Вардапета, Захария Ритора, Ксенофонта, Аполлония Родосского), а также труды выдающихся исследователей XX–XXI вв. (А.В. Головнёва, М.С. Гаджиева, А.С. Касьяна, М.Л. Хачикяна, А.К. Шагиняна). Анализ. Основное внимание уделено анализу исторических и географических фактов, этнографических сюжетов и языковых аналогий. В статье приводится лексический ряд чувашско-армянских соответствий. Например, армян. дзор/ цор – чуваш. çыр ‘берег, обрыв’. Имеет место совпадение значений чувашского и армянского слов кин: у чувашей в значении ‘невестка, сноха’, у армян – ‘жена, женщина, дама, супруга’. Результаты. Предыдущие публикации автора, а также настоящая статья позволили сделать вывод о том, что этноним чуваш прошел длинный исторический путь трансформации в виде савир (саспир/сапир, савар, сабир)  сувар (сувас, суван)  суваш (сăваш)  чăваш (t’šăvaš). В IX–I вв. до н.э. саспиры занимали территорию от Мидии до Колхиды между мидянами и колхами. Притом мидяне находились к югу, а колхи к северу у реки Фасис. Получается на территории Армянского нагорья.

The introduction provides brief information to acquaint the reader with the history of the study of the topic in the title. It points to the difficulties in identifying the original homeland of the historical ancestors of the Chuvash. It also provides an ethnonymic picture. With regard to the methodology of the study, the author gave preference to a complex, cross-genre approach. This is most suitable for tackling questions of ethnic history because it makes it possible to draw on conclusions provided by allied disciplines. In this way, new knowledge emerges. Such a methodology also helps to get away from stagnated views. The materials subjected to analytical examination were primary sources (the authors of al-Kūfī, a - abarī, al-Beladsori/al-Balā urī, Łewond (Leontius), Zacharias Rhetor, Xenophon, and Apollonius of Rhodes), as well as the works of prominent 20th- and 21st-century scholars (A.V. Golovnev, M.S. Gadjiev, A.S. Kassian, M.L. Khachikian, and A.K. Shahinyan). Analysis. Attention is chiefly devoted to an examination of historical and geographical facts, ethnographic matters, and linguistic analogies. The paper includes a series of lexical correspondences between Chuvash and Armenian. For example, Armenian dzor/tsor and Chuvash çyr mean “bank, steep slope”; kh”yar and khăyar mean “cucumber.” There are instances when Chuvash and Armenian homophones have similar meanings. Kin refers to “daughter-in-law” in Chuvash and “wife, woman, lady” in Armenian. Results. The author’s previous publications as well as the present paper make it possible to conclude that the ethnonym of the Chuvash has undergone a lengthy course of transformation through history in the form of Savir (Saspir/Sapir, Savar, Sabir) Suvar (Suvas, Suvan) Suvash (Săvaš) T’šăvaš. In the 9th to the 1st centuries BC, the Saspirs occupied a territory from Media to Colchis, between the Medes and the Colchians, with the former to the south and the latter to the north by the River Phasis, i.e., the territory of the Armenian Highlands.

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Iz istorii sozdaniya kavkazsko-albanskoi pismennosti: nekotoryye spornyye momenty [From the History of the Creation of the Caucasian-Albanian Script: Some Controversial Moments]. Vestnik Instituta istorii, arkheologii i etnografii DNTs RAN [Herald of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the DSC RAS], 2005, no. 2, pp. 48-57.Gadjiev M.S. Opredeleniye absolyutnoi daty stroitelstva tsitadeli i severnoi gorodskoi steny Derbenta i proizvedennykh trudozatrat [Determination of a Definitive Date of Construction for the Citadel and the Northern City Wall of Derbent and the Labour Costs Incurred]. Vestnik Instituta IAE [Herald of the Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the DSC RAS], 2006, no. 1, pp. 77-94.Gadjiev M.S., Kasumova S.Yu. Srednepersidskiye nadpisi Derbenta VI veka [Middle Persian Inscriptions of 6th Century Derbent]. Moscow, Vost. lit. Publ., 2006. 128 p., ill.Ghevond Vardapet. Istoriya khalifov [History of the Caliphs]. Saint Petersburg, Printshop of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1862 [2], XII. 165, 3 p.Golovnev A.V. Antropologiya dvizheniya: (Drevnosti Severnoi Yevrazii) [The Anthropology of Movement: (Antiquities of Northern Eurasia)]. Yekaterinburg, Volot Publ., 2009. 496 p.Golovnev A.V. Dreif etnichnosti [Ethnicity Drift]. Uralskii istoricheskii vestnik [Ural Historical Journal], 2009a, no. 4, pp. 46-55.Grigoryev S.A. Indoyevropeiskaya problema: osnovnyye tendentsii v rasprostranenii yazyka, kultury i genov v Yevrazii [The Indo-European Problem: The Main Trends in the Spread of Language, Culture and Genes in Eurasia]. Stepnaya Yevraziya: bronzovyi mir [Steppe Eurasia: The Bronze Age World]. Chelyabinsk, Chelyabinsk State University, 2020, pp. 73-110.Ibn Fadlan Ahmad. Puteshestviye Ibn Fadlana: Volzhskii put ot Bagdada do Bulgara [Ibn Fadlan’s Journey: The Volga Way from Baghdad to Bulgar]. Moscow, Marjani Publishing House, 2016, pp. 18-47.Kardaras Georgios. Nomadic Art of War: The Case of the Avars. Acta Militaria Mediaevalia. T. XI. Kraków, Sanok, Wrocław, Polish Academy of Art and Sciences, 2015, pp. 7-25.Kasyan A.S., Sideltsev A.V. Khettskii yazyk [The Hittite Language]. Yazyki mira: Reliktovyye indoyevropeiskiye yazyki Perednei Azii [Languages of the World: Relict Indo-European Languages of Western Asia]. Moscow, Academia Publ., 2013, pp. 26-75.Khachikian M.L. Khurrito-urartskiye yazyki. Khurritskii yazyk [Hurrian-Urartian Languages. The Hurrian Language]. Yazyki mira: Drevniye reliktovyye yazyki Perednei Azii [Languages of the World: Ancient Relict Languages of Western Asia]. Moscow, Academia Publ., 2010, pp. 118-149.Khorikyan O.G. K lokalizatsii saspirov XVIII satrapii Akhemenidskoi Persii [On the Localization of the Saspirs of the 18th Satrapy of Achaemenid Persia]. Iran-name: Nauchnyi vostokovedcheskii zhurnal [Iran-nameh: A Scholarly Journal of Oriental Studies]. Almaty, 2015, no. 3–4, pp. 194-200.Ksenofont [Xenophon]. Kiropediya [Cyropaedia]. Moscow, Ladomir Publ., 1993. 335 p.al-Kūfī Abū Muk ammad. Kniga zavoyevanii (Izvlecheniya po istorii Azerbaidzhana VII–IX vv.) [Book of Conquests (Extracts on the History of Azerbaijan in the 7th – 9th Centuries)]. Baku, Elm Publ., 1981. 84 p.Marquart Josef. Osteuropäishe und ostasiatische Streifzüge: Ethnologische und historisch-topographische Studien zur Geschichte des 9. und 10. Jahrhunderts (ca. 840–940). Leipzig, Theodor Weicher, 1903. 557 S.Miller B.V., ed. Persidsko-russkii slovar [Persian-Russian Dictionary]. Moscow, GIINS, 1953. 668 p.Minorsky V. Studies in Caucasian History. London, Taylor’s Foreign Press, 1953. 203 p.Pyankov I.V. Srednyaya Aziya i Yevraziiskaya step v drevnosti [Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe in Antiquity]. Saint Petersburg, Peterburgskoye lingvisticheskoye o-vo, 2013. 736 p.Safarova I.Kh. K voprosu o matiyenakh [On the Question of the Matieni]. Trudy Instituta istorii NAN Azerbaidzhana [Proceedings of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan], vol. 27. Baku, 2009, pp. 5-20.Salmin A. Savirs – Bulgars – Chuvash. Saarbrücken, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2014. 147 p.Shahinyan A.K. Arabo-musulmanskaya istoriografiya IX v. o stranakh i narodakh Kavkaza, Armyanskogo Nagorya i smezhnykh oblastei [Arab-Muslim 9th – Century Historiography About the Countries and Peoples of the Caucasus, the Armenian Highlands and Adjacent Regions]. Saint Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin, 2018. 416 p.Stepanov Ts. The Bulgars and the Steppe Empire in the Early Middle Ages: The Problem of the Others. Leiden; Boston, Brill, 2010. XIII, 154 p., ill.a - abarī. Istoriya [History]. Tashkent, Fan, 1987. 442 p.Yegorov V.G. K voprosu o proiskhozhdenii chuvash i ikh yazyka [On the Origin of the Chuvash and Their Language]. Zapiski [Note], iss. VII. Cheboksary, NIIYaLIE, 1953, pp. 64-91.Yeremeyev D.Ye. «Tyurk» – etnonim iranskogo proiskhozhdeniya? (K probleme etnogheneza drevnikh tyurkov) [Is “Turk” an Ethnonym of Iranian Origin? (On the Problem of Ethnogenesis of the Ancient Turks)]. Sovetskaya etnografiya [Soviet Ethnography], 1990, no. 3, pp. 129-135.Zakhariya Ritor. Khronika [Chronicle]. Pigulevskaya N.V. Siriiskaya srednevekovaya istoriografiya. Issledovaniya i perevody [Syrian Mediaeval Historiography. Research and Translations]. Saint Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin, 2011, pp. 570-597.Zeleneyev Yu.A. Etnokulturnaya istoriya Povolzhya v XII–XV vv.: avtoreferat [Ethno-Cultural History of the Volga Region in the 12th – 15th Centuries. Abstract]. Kazan, II AN RT, 2013. 58 p.Herodotus. Ιστορία [History]. Athens, Govostis, 1995. 235 p.